The relationship between the perception and production of L2 and L3 rhotics in young multilinguals; an exploratory cross-linguistic study

There is a scarcity of research into the relationship between speech perception and production from multilingual perspective. The present exploratory study investigates longitudinally acquisition rhotic sounds in 24 adolescent learners who have same language repertoires (English, German, Polish), with English being their L2, German Polish L1 or L3. design involved forced-choice goodness task (for perception) delayed repetition production) administered both L2 L3 at two testing times. overall results show better performance than L2/L3 rhotics points, although domains was modulated by background universal learnability target rhotics. A major effect proficiency found, as stronger link modalities found for learner groups. However, detailed analyses demonstrate different types perception-production individual over time.